Best ClickHouse^® alternatives for real-time apps and user-facing analytics

ClickHouse delivers exceptional performance for analytical queries, but managing the infrastructure can consume months of engineering time before you ship your first user-facing analytics feature. The operational complexity of self-hosting, combined with gaps in developer tooling and API generation, often drives teams to consider alternatives that maintain similar performance while reducing infrastructure overhead.

This article compares managed ClickHouse services, real-time OLAP engines, and cloud warehouses for building user-facing analytics, examining their performance characteristics, operational requirements, and developer experience to help you choose the right database for your application.

Why developers seek ClickHouse alternatives for real-time apps

Several strong alternatives to ClickHouse exist for real-time applications, each offering different strengths depending on what you're building. Cloud data warehouses like Google BigQuery, Snowflake, and Amazon Redshift provide fully managed, serverless options that scale automatically and integrate well with their respective cloud ecosystems (though they may not be ideal for user-facing apps... more below). Open-source real-time OLAP databases like Apache Doris, Apache Druid, and Apache Pinot focus specifically on user-facing analytics with high concurrency and fast aggregations. And of course you have managed ClickHouse services like Tinybird, providing an alternative to self-hosting ClickHouse with tooling optimized for real-time app dev.

Developers building user-facing analytics features are often interested in ClickHouse due to its performance characteristics, but many don't want to deal with infrastructure complexity that ClickHouse can create. Real-time apps refer to software that serves live analytics to end users, like dashboards showing current metrics, live leaderboards, or embedded analytics in SaaS products. User-facing analytics means customer-visible metrics and dashboards that update frequently and serve many concurrent users, which creates different requirements than internal business intelligence tools.

The search for alternatives usually starts when managing ClickHouse infrastructure takes more engineering time than building product features (or when developers want to avoid that situation in the first place). Self-hosting ClickHouse requires expertise in cluster management, replication, and performance tuning. Even with that expertise, setting up observability, configuring auto-scaling, and maintaining high availability can take months before you ship your first analytics feature to customers.

Where ClickHouse excels for low-latency analytics

ClickHouse delivers exceptional performance for analytical queries through its columnar storage engine and vectorized execution. The database was designed specifically for OLAP workloads, making it highly efficient at scanning and aggregating large volumes of data.

Key advantages include:

• Columnar storage: Data is stored by column rather than by row, which dramatically reduces the amount of data read during analytical queries
• Vectorized execution: Query processing operates on batches of data using SIMD instructions, improving CPU efficiency
• SQL compatibility: Standard SQL support makes it accessible without learning specialized query languages
• Compression: Built-in compression algorithms reduce storage costs and improve query performance by minimizing disk I/O

The distributed architecture provides native support for sharding and replication, which enables horizontal scaling across multiple nodes. However, configuring and maintaining that distributed architecture is where the operational complexity comes in.

When ClickHouse becomes a blocker

While ClickHouse offers powerful analytical capabilities, several operational challenges can slow down product development. The gap between ClickHouse's technical strengths and the practical needs of shipping user-facing features often drives teams to consider alternatives.

Infrastructure management presents the first major hurdle. Open-source ClickHouse requires setting up and maintaining servers, configuring replication, and managing backups. Distributed setups involve complex decisions about sharding keys, replication factors, and cluster topology. You also need to implement your own metrics collection, alerting, and performance monitoring.

Scaling complexity becomes apparent as data volumes and query concurrency increase. Determining when to add nodes and how to redistribute data requires deep ClickHouse expertise. Poorly written queries can degrade cluster performance, but identifying and fixing them requires specialized knowledge. Balancing memory, CPU, and disk resources across workloads takes ongoing tuning.

Developer experience limitations affect iteration speed:

• Limited local development: Running ClickHouse locally for testing requires Docker containers and doesn't match production behavior
• API layer gaps: ClickHouse provides database access but doesn't include built-in API generation for application backends
• CI/CD integration: Testing data pipelines and schema changes in automated workflows requires custom tooling

You might spend months on infrastructure work before shipping your first analytics feature to customers.

How to evaluate real-time analytics databases

Choosing the right database for user-facing analytics requires evaluating several factors beyond raw query performance. The best choice depends on your team's priorities, existing infrastructure, and product requirements.

Performance and concurrency

Sub-second query latency is table stakes for user-facing applications where customers expect instant results. However, latency under load matters more than single-query benchmarks. Look for databases that maintain consistent performance with hundreds or thousands of concurrent queries, which is typical for customer-facing dashboards.

The database also needs to handle high-frequency data ingestion without impacting query performance. Real-time apps often require streaming data from Kafka, Kinesis, or other event sources, so native streaming support can simplify your architecture.

Cost and total ownership

Licensing costs are just one component of total ownership. Infrastructure overhead, including compute resources, storage, and data transfer, often exceeds software licensing. Operational costs like engineering time for maintenance, monitoring, and optimization can be the largest expense, especially for self-hosted solutions.

Managed services typically cost more per query than self-hosted databases, but they eliminate infrastructure management and reduce the engineering time needed to maintain production systems. This tradeoff often favors managed services for teams that want to focus on product development rather than database operations.

Scaling and operations effort

Auto-scaling capabilities determine how much manual intervention is required as your data and query volumes grow. Some databases automatically add resources during traffic spikes and scale down during quiet periods, while others require manual capacity planning and cluster reconfiguration.

The operational complexity of maintaining high availability and disaster recovery varies significantly across databases. Managed services typically handle replication, backups, and failover automatically, while self-hosted solutions require you to implement and test those capabilities yourself.

Developer experience and tooling

API generation capabilities affect how quickly you can expose analytics to your application. Some platforms let you define SQL queries and automatically generate REST or GraphQL endpoints, while others require you to build and maintain your own API layer.

Local development workflow determines iteration speed. The ability to test queries and data pipelines on your laptop before deploying to production helps catch issues early and speeds up development cycles. CI/CD integration makes it possible to version control your data pipelines and test changes automatically.

Best managed ClickHouse service options ranked

Managed ClickHouse services eliminate infrastructure management while preserving ClickHouse's performance characteristics. The platforms differ significantly in their target audience, developer experience, and feature sets.

1. Tinybird

Tinybird is a managed ClickHouse platform built specifically for software developers integrating real-time analytics into their applications. The platform focuses on developer experience and speed to production rather than enterprise database administration.

The key differentiator is the API-first approach. You write SQL queries and Tinybird automatically generates parameterized REST APIs that your application can call directly. This eliminates the need to build and maintain a separate API layer between your database and application code.

Local development workflow with the Tinybird CLI lets you test data pipelines on your laptop using a local ClickHouse container. You can version control your data sources and pipes as code, test changes locally, and deploy to production with CI/CD workflows.

Streaming ingestion is built into the platform with native connectors for Kafka, Kinesis, and other event sources. You can also append data via HTTP endpoints or use the Events API for high-frequency ingestion.

2. ClickHouse Cloud

ClickHouse Cloud is the official managed service from ClickHouse, Inc. It provides a fully managed ClickHouse deployment with enterprise features like role-based access control, automated backups, and multi-region replication.

The platform maintains complete ClickHouse compatibility, which matters if you're migrating from self-hosted ClickHouse or need specific ClickHouse features. You get the same SQL dialect, table engines, and configuration options as open-source ClickHouse.

Developer experience is similar to managing a traditional database. You connect via JDBC, ODBC, or HTTP interfaces and write standard ClickHouse SQL. The platform doesn't include API generation or built-in streaming connectors, so you'll need to build those layers yourself.

3. Altinity.Cloud

Altinity.Cloud is an enterprise-focused managed ClickHouse service built on Kubernetes. The platform targets organizations that need advanced ClickHouse configurations and enterprise support.

The Kubernetes-based architecture provides flexibility for complex deployments across multiple cloud providers or on-premise data centers. You can configure custom cluster topologies, storage tiers, and replication strategies to match specific performance or compliance requirements.

Developer tooling is minimal compared to developer-focused platforms. You're expected to build your own API layer, ingestion pipelines, and development workflows on top of the managed ClickHouse clusters.

4. Aiven for ClickHouse

Aiven for ClickHouse is part of Aiven's multi-cloud data platform, which includes managed services for Kafka, PostgreSQL, and other data infrastructure. The platform emphasizes multi-cloud portability and integration with other Aiven services.

You can deploy ClickHouse clusters across AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure, and move between cloud providers without changing your application code. Integration with other Aiven services simplifies data pipelines. For example, you can stream data from Aiven for Kafka directly into ClickHouse without managing connectors yourself.

Best option for database software: ClickHouse vs. Snowflake for user-facing latency/concurrency

ClickHouse and Snowflake represent different architectural approaches to analytical databases, and this affects their suitability for user-facing applications. The choice depends primarily on whether you prioritize query latency or data warehouse integration.

ClickHouse delivers consistently lower latency for user-facing queries. The columnar storage engine and vectorized execution typically return results in tens to hundreds of milliseconds, even with concurrent users. This performance comes from ClickHouse's design as a real-time OLAP database rather than a batch-oriented data warehouse.

Snowflake excels at large-scale data warehouse workloads and business intelligence queries where users can tolerate multi-second response times. The architecture separates storage and compute, which provides excellent scalability and cost optimization for batch analytics. However, this separation adds latency and concurrency limitations that will be noticeable in user-facing applications.

For real-time applications where customers expect instant results, ClickHouse's latency characteristics make it the better choice. The cost models also differ significantly. ClickHouse charges for infrastructure (compute and storage together), while Snowflake charges primarily for compute time. For high-frequency queries typical in user-facing apps, ClickHouse often costs less because queries complete quickly and release resources. Benchmark analysis found Snowflake queries to be 7-15× more expensive than ClickHouse Cloud for comparable performance.

Real-time OLAP engines beyond ClickHouse

Several purpose-built real-time OLAP engines offer different performance characteristics and operational tradeoffs compared to ClickHouse. The databases were designed specifically for user-facing analytics and high-concurrency workloads.

1. Apache Druid

Apache Druid is an open-source real-time analytics database optimized for time-series data and event streams. The architecture separates ingestion, storage, and query processing into specialized nodes, which provides flexibility for different workload patterns.

Streaming ingestion from Kafka and Kinesis is a core feature rather than an add-on. Druid can ingest and make data queryable within seconds, which matters for real-time monitoring and alerting use cases. The query engine supports approximate algorithms for count-distinct and percentile calculations, trading exact accuracy for faster results.

Operational complexity is higher than managed ClickHouse services. You need to understand and configure multiple node types (historical, real-time, broker, coordinator), and scaling requires careful capacity planning.

2. Apache Pinot

Apache Pinot was developed at LinkedIn specifically for user-facing analytics with extremely high concurrency. The database can handle thousands of queries per second while maintaining sub-second latency, which makes it suitable for customer-facing features in large-scale applications.

The architecture uses a scatter-gather query model where queries are distributed across multiple nodes and results are aggregated. This provides excellent horizontal scalability for read-heavy workloads, though it adds complexity to cluster management. Indexing strategies in Pinot are more sophisticated than ClickHouse, with support for inverted indexes, sorted indexes, and star-tree indexes. Star-tree indexing can reduce query latency from ~1,513ms to ~4ms on large datasets.

Setup and maintenance complexity is significant. Pinot uses Apache Helix for cluster management and Apache Zookeeper for coordination, which means you're managing multiple distributed systems.

3. Firebolt

Firebolt is a cloud-native analytics database that uses sparse indexing to achieve fast query performance. The platform is fully managed and targets developers building data-intensive applications.

Sparse indexes in Firebolt store metadata about data ranges rather than indexing every value, which provides a middle ground between full-table scans and dense indexes. The developer experience emphasizes SQL simplicity. You don't need to understand table engines, partition keys, or other ClickHouse-specific concepts.

Cloud warehouses compared for sub-second queries

Traditional cloud data warehouses can serve some real-time analytics use cases, though they're optimized for different workload patterns than real-time OLAP engines. The platforms excel at complex joins and large-scale aggregations but typically can't match ClickHouse's latency for user-facing queries.

1. Google BigQuery

BigQuery is a serverless data warehouse that separates storage and compute, allowing you to query petabyte-scale datasets without managing infrastructure. The serverless model means you don't provision clusters or worry about capacity planning.

BI Engine is BigQuery's in-memory caching layer that can accelerate dashboard queries to sub-second latency. However, BI Engine has capacity limits and works best for repeated queries over relatively small result sets. Cold queries that miss the cache still take seconds to complete.

2. Amazon Redshift

Redshift is Amazon's cloud data warehouse, available in both provisioned cluster and serverless modes. The provisioned model gives you more control over performance and costs, while serverless mode handles capacity automatically.

Materialized views in Redshift can precompute aggregations and speed up repeated queries. The database automatically refreshes materialized views as underlying data changes, which helps maintain reasonable query performance for dashboard workloads. Integration with the AWS ecosystem is the main advantage.

3. Databricks

Databricks combines data warehousing and data lake capabilities in a lakehouse architecture. The platform is built on Apache Spark and Delta Lake, which provides strong support for both batch and streaming workloads.

Delta Live Tables simplifies building streaming data pipelines with automatic schema evolution and data quality checks. Query performance in Databricks depends heavily on cluster configuration and caching. The platform's complexity can slow down teams who just want to serve analytics APIs.

Lightweight or embedded alternatives worth a look

Not every application needs a distributed database cluster. For specific use cases, lightweight alternatives can provide excellent performance with much simpler operations.

DuckDB

DuckDB is an in-process analytical database that runs inside your application without a separate server. Think of it as "SQLite for analytics" rather than a distributed database.

The embedded architecture eliminates network latency and serialization overhead. Queries run in the same process as your application code, which can be faster than network calls to a remote database for small to medium datasets. Local development and testing become trivial because DuckDB is just a library you include in your application.

Data volume limits depend on available memory and disk space on a single machine. DuckDB works well for datasets up to hundreds of gigabytes, but it can't scale horizontally like distributed databases.

Decision matrix and migration tips

Choosing among ClickHouse alternatives requires mapping your specific requirements to database capabilities. The right choice depends on your team's skills, infrastructure preferences, and product needs.

Migration from ClickHouse to another database typically involves three phases. First, export your schema and transform it to match the target database's DDL syntax. Most alternatives support similar data types, though you might need to adjust partitioning and indexing strategies.

Second, migrate historical data using bulk export and import. ClickHouse can export to Parquet format, which most alternatives can import efficiently. For large datasets, consider migrating in batches to avoid overwhelming the target system. Third, switch your application to write new data to the target database.

Ship real-time data apps faster with Tinybird

Tinybird automates the infrastructure work that typically delays analytics features from reaching production.

The developer experience starts with local development using the Tinybird CLI. You can test data pipelines and queries on your laptop using a local ClickHouse container, then deploy to production with a single command. API generation transforms SQL queries into production-ready REST endpoints automatically. You write a SQL query, add parameters for filtering and pagination, and Tinybird generates a secure API that your application can call.

Streaming ingestion connects to Kafka, Kinesis, and other event sources without custom connector code. The platform handles schema evolution, data validation, and backpressure automatically.

Sign up for a free Tinybird plan and start building analytics APIs in minutes. The free tier includes enough resources to build and test production features, and you can scale up as your application grows.

FAQs about ClickHouse alternatives

How difficult is migrating data from ClickHouse to a managed service?

Most managed ClickHouse services support standard SQL exports and imports, making migration straightforward for schema and data. ~~You can export tables to Parquet or CSV format from ClickHouse and import them into the target service using bulk loading tools. The main complexity comes from adjusting partitioning strategies and table engines to match the target platform's optimization patterns.~~Companies like Skool successfully migrated from Postgres to ClickHouse Cloud, reducing query times from minutes to seconds with minimal optimization.

Can I run ClickHouse alongside another OLAP engine?

Yes, many teams use hybrid approaches where ClickHouse handles batch analytics while real-time engines serve user-facing queries. This architecture lets you optimize each system for its specific workload. The tradeoff is increased operational complexity from managing multiple databases and keeping data synchronized between them.

Which BI tools work with these ClickHouse alternatives?

Popular BI tools like Grafana, Tableau, and Looker connect to most alternatives through standard SQL interfaces or native connectors. Grafana has native plugins for ClickHouse, Druid, and other real-time databases. Cloud warehouses like BigQuery and Snowflake have extensive BI tool support through JDBC and ODBC drivers.

Do these alternatives support Kafka and Kinesis streaming ingestion?

Most real-time alternatives offer native streaming connectors for Kafka, Kinesis, and other event streaming platforms. ClickHouse, Druid, and Pinot all have mature Kafka integration. Cloud warehouses typically support streaming through separate ingestion services rather than native connectors, which adds latency and complexity.

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